村域社会资本对村干部的激励效应——兼论不同激励方式相对重要性

从村域认同、村域信任、村域网络3个维度测度村域社会资本,使用村干部留任意愿与工作满意度表征村干部激励强度,利用陕、豫、冀3省135个行政村调查数据,使用Bioprobit模型,实证分析村域社会资本及其各维度对村干部的激励效应,并进行稳健性检验,同时考察不同激励方式的相对重要性。研究表明,村干部留任意愿与工作满意度水平一般,村域社会资本、村域认同、村域信任通过内在动机驱动机制、村民合作机制、信息分享机制正向影响村干部留任意愿与工作满意度,村域认同激励效应高于村域信任,村域网络激励效应不显著,研究结论具有稳健性。相对重要性分析结果显示,村域社会资本、村民自治制度是村干部激励最重要的两种方式,工资激励贡献度次之,政府检查激励贡献度最低。     

卢梭式人民政治及其内在结构

尽管卢梭政法理论中的人民议题逐渐开始复兴,但既有研究却存在诸多缺陷和误解,尤其是对人民与政府之间的关系缺乏深入探讨。在此背景下,本文从人民共同体的创生入手讨论人民如何成为一个整体,人民的可见性何以成为难题。进而分析政府在根本上是一种自我限定的法权结构,选举贵族制作为一种法治政府的意义,以及最高执政官在执行法律时的决定性作用。总之,人民既是生生不息的永恒意志,又是以法律方式所确定的集体行动方式。真正让人民长存不灭的并不是人民的肉身,而是人民在法律上的展现形式。     

盈利补偿承诺对中小股东利益影响研究——基于青岛金王收购广州韩亚和上海月沣的案例分析

盈利补偿作为保护股东利益的一种契约机制,近年来已成为并购重组的重要组成部分。通过对青岛金王并购广州韩亚和上海月沣的案例解析,旨在探究盈利补偿机制对中小股东利益的影响。研究发现:盈利补偿的签署,在一定时期内会对公司的财务状况和经营业绩带来积极影响,给投资者带来了正向收益;在宣布盈利承诺未实现时,股价持续低迷,套牢了投资者的利益;此外,即便承诺方完成了盈利补偿承诺,股价仍无回转迹象,盈利补偿机制给中小股东利益带来了负面影响。因此,中小股东不要盲目相信盈利补偿机制的保护作用,相关监管部门应严格执行监管责任,加强对资本市场的实时监控。     

社会公正的基本原则探析

社会公正的基本原则是社会公正理论的核心,是社会公正观或公正内容的具体化和措施化,是人们衡量社会公正与否的具体标准。具体来说,社会公正的基本原则主要包括基本权利平等原则、共享原则、按贡献分配原则和补偿原则。     

高管层报酬契约构成与标准——基于问卷调查的研究

基于委托代理理论的分析框架,对高管层报酬契约结构与业绩评价标准进行了问卷调查,运用SPSS统计分析软件,对调查结果进行了分析。得出了研究结论:在我国目前上市公司中,高管层报酬契约存在着实行长期期权激励和没有实行长期期权激励的二元结构,具有激励高管层最大化股东财富行为选择的报酬构成是长期期权激励,而没有实行期权激励的公司中,效益报酬具有激励作用;高管层业绩考核指标包括评议性指标和定量指标,运用主成分分析法对业绩评价指标进行了因子界定。     

Effects of a Punitive Environment on Children's Executive Functioning: A Natural Experiment

Few studies have examined the influence of environmental factors on children's executive functioning (EF) performance. The present study examined the effects of a punitive vs. non‐punitive school environment on West African children's EF skills. Tasks included a ‘cool’ (relatively non‐affective) and ‘hot’ (relatively affective/motivational) version of three EF tasks: delay of gratification; gift delay; and dimensional change card sort. Children had more difficulties with the hot versions of the tasks than the cool versions, and older children outperformed younger children. After controlling for verbal ability (Peabody picture vocabulary test‐third edition), a consistent pattern of interaction between school and grade level emerged. Overall, kindergarten children in the punitive school performed no differently than their counterparts in the non‐punitive school. However, in grade 1, children in the punitive school performed significantly worse than their counterparts in the non‐punitive school. These results point to the need to consider interactions among discipline style, age, and internalization processes of self‐regulation to better understand environmental influences on EF development.     

长株潭实验区环境损害赔偿基金制度探析

我国的环境问题日益严峻,给经济社会带来重大负面影响。长株潭实验区应当积极作为,探索环境保护与治理的制度模式,率先建立完善环境损害赔偿基金制度。长株潭实验区环境损害赔偿基金制度的建构,应在国内现有环境保护法律法规的基础上,借鉴域外损害赔偿制度,从基金筹集、基金申请、基金管理、基金监管等方面进行。     

行政赔偿归责原则之完善——以对民事赔偿归责原则的借鉴为视角

行政赔偿问题一直是社会关注的热点,它直接关系到行政机关的信誉和公民的切身利益。修改前的《国家赔偿法》规定行政赔偿采用违法归责原则,但是违法归责原则的不足影响了公平正义的实现。修改后的《国家赔偿法》虽然在总则中取消了违法性的要求,但仍存在不足之处。行政赔偿制度可以借鉴民事赔偿的归责原则,以过错原则作为违法归责原则的补充,从而更好地保障公民的合法权益,救济损害,维护社会正义。     

Older Drivers Retiring From the Road: An Application of the Selection,Optimization, and Compensation Model

Purpose: This study uses the selection, optimization, and compensation (SOC) model to compare older adults who have given up driving, those who still drive, and those who drive less to identify differences in the three groups. Design and Methods: This cross-sectional study of 281 older adults is part of the Naturally Occurring Retirement Community Demonstration Project. Study participants completed interviews that included questions on demographics, health and functioning, mental health, social support, and current levels of engagement in activities including current driving status. Results: Data suggest that driving retirement is a process and that a substantial number of people are in the transitional stage, where they are less functional than those who still drive and more similar to those who have retired from the road. Implications: Given the similarity of those who drive less to those who have given up driving, front-line professionals and policy makers must work together to ease the transition to driving retirement for those without adequate ability to effectively compensate for their inability to continue to drive safely.     

Effects of Work Incentive Policies and Determinants of the Socioeconomic Status of Welfare Leavers in an Economically Disadvantaged Area

Abstract

This study explores how work incentive policies influence the socioeconomic status of welfare leavers. Logistic and ordinal regression methods were used to analyze 1999 statewide survey data on West Virginia WORKS leavers. This study found that people who had more months of eligibility remaining for TANF were more likely to have jobs than those with fewer months of eligibility. People who had been sanctioned for noncompliance with work requirementswere less likely to have jobs than those who had not been sanctioned. However, childcare assistance had a significant influence on the employment of welfare leavers. EITC was significantly associated with the expectation of high economic status. Policy implications are discussed.